In order to maintain anegligence/tort action in Arizona, an injury victim must establish the four elements of a tort.

Those four elements include:

• Duty
• Breach
• Causation
• Damages

In other words, the injury victim must prove that the defendant had a duty to the victim, the defendant breached that duty, and the breach of the duty caused damages.

Some previous rulings on causation include:

• Causation is generally a question of fact for the jury to resolve.
  Fehribach v. Smith , 200 Ariz. 69, 73, ¶ 16, 22 P.3d 508, 512 (App. 2001).
• Causation does not have to be established with “absolute certainty
  so as to exclude every other conclusion.”
  Morrison v. Acton , 68 Ariz. 27, 33, 198 P.2d 590, 594 (1948).
• “To be a proximate cause, Defendant’s conduct may have contributed
  only slightly to the injury.”
  Id. (Emphasis added);
  Tellez v. Saban , 188 Ariz. 165, 171, 933 P.2d 1233 (App. 1996);
  Ontiveros v. Borak , 136 Ariz. 500-505, 667 P.2d 200 (1983).
• The court examines the total evidence regarding causation and determines
  whether there is a genuine controversy for the jury to decide. “A
  party may prove proximate causation by presenting facts from which a causal
  relationship may be inferred, but the party cannot leave causation to
  the jury’s speculation.”
  
• Salica v. Tucson Heart Hospital-Carondelet , 224 Ariz. 414, 419, ¶ 16, 231 P.3d 946, 951 (App. 2010).